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On November 8, 2024, a  of Instruments of a Beating Heart was held at 91�Թ� that was followed by a conversation between filmmaker Ema Ryan Yamazaki, , and Dr. Mariko Yang-Yoshihara. The film screening was sponsored by the , Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. Erin Tsutsui shared her reflections of the film. Erin is a student at Gunn High School, Palo Alto, California.

The award-winning documentary short Instruments of a Beating Heart by Ema Ryan Yamazaki captures a core essence of Japaneseness—discipline in the name of contributing to the greater good for a harmonious society. Set in a regular elementary school in Tokyo, the film tracks a seemingly trivial event of a first grader’s performance in her school’s end-of-year ensemble. Through its portrayal of practice sessions, the film demonstrates how the Japanese school system instills Japan’s famous collectivist mindset from a young age with an emphasis on compliance and respect for others. Protagonist Ayame is reduced to tears when her school teacher points out her lack of practice in front of her peers. However, with encouragement from her mentors and a newfound motivation to practice her music, she nails her performance, thus bolstering her work ethic and penchant for a greater community good. This mindset makes Japan function so well as a society with its clean roads, low crime rates, and timely trains, but it also exerts pressure to conform and can lead to a loss of self-respect and individuality.

I grew up in the United States, where people commend individuality and free will and celebrate being different from others. I also attended Japanese elementary schools, though only for a couple of weeks each year, and noticed the stark contrast in the way students behave. I now realize that what I observed in those schools represent different social norms that govern each country. Japanese students mop the floors and serve the food to each other, carrying the responsibility of maintaining their space and learning the importance of combined efforts. In the meantime, American schools have custodians and lunch servers to shoulder all the burden while students tend to their own interests.

Personally, I remember my elementary school years in America to be freeing and unrestrained, where I learned the value of my uniqueness from the next person and celebrated our differences. These values continue to shape me today, as I hold a strong sense of selfhood and understand the power of my voice. On the other hand, during my brief time attending a Japanese school, I was struck by how disciplined my peers were, considering the tremendous amount of homework and tasks assigned to them. I remember working with my new friends to clean our classroom floors, serve lunch, and finish massive academic tasks in the classroom. At the beginning it was overwhelming and somewhat puzzling, but over time I found it rewarding knowing I contributed to the well-kept communal space and accomplished tasks with my young friends.

It is evident to me now, having experienced the contrasting school systems, that the cultural norms and ideals are integrated into the nations’ citizens early on. Though Ayame felt dejected in the beginning, her teachers’ scolding and nurturing helped improve her discipline, and she ultimately performed well. That discipline of hers, combined with that of her classmates, made the orchestra work. The instrumental orchestra is quite symbolic of the value of working together to create a masterpiece, as a slip-up from any one ensemble member can disrupt the balance of the ensemble. Writ large, Japanese society functions well because Japanese citizens exercise their discipline to work together toward a greater good. For all its other problems, such as overbearing societal pressures and suppression of individual expressions, Japan has much to offer to other societies in how to run a well-functioning society.

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Applications are now open for the Virtual East Asia Seminar for High School Teachers, a free professional development opportunity for California high school teachers who wish to enhance their teaching of East Asia. Offered by the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (91�Թ�) and the , this seminar will select 20 teachers to participate in four virtual sessions from March to May 2025.

The application form is now live at . The deadline to apply is February 28, 2025.

High school teachers in California are welcome to apply. Selected teachers will strengthen their content knowledge of East Asia by learning from experts in a series of private virtual seminars via Zoom on the following Tuesdays, 4:00 to 6:00pm Pacific Time: March 25, April 8, April 22, and May 6. Throughout the program, participants will explore and examine various aspects of East Asia, U.S.–Asia relations, and the Asian diaspora in the United States.

Participants will receive extensive teaching resources and an opportunity to discuss content and pedagogy in the classroom to help support their teaching of East Asia. Teachers who attend the four Zoom sessions, complete pre-assigned readings, and participate in group discussions will receive a $300 professional stipend and be eligible to receive three units of credit from Stanford Continuing Studies.

“We are excited to launch our virtual seminar on East Asia for high school teachers again in 2025,” said Naomi Funahashi, Manager of Teacher Professional Development at 91�Թ�. “This initiative will provide an engaging platform featuring expert lectures, interactive discussions, and valuable curricular resources. Our goal is to equip educators with the tools and resources to explore the complex histories, societies, and cultures of East Asia and the diversity of the Asian American experience. Together, we hope to explore new insights and strategies that will enhance student learning and foster global awareness, while creating a vibrant community of teachers who are excited to learn and share fresh perspectives and innovative teaching strategies with one another.”

For more information about the Virtual 91�Թ�/NCTA East Asia Seminar for High School Teachers, visit the program webpage. To apply, submit the by February 28, 2025.

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On November 8, 2024, I attended a of Instruments of a Beating Heart at 91�Թ� that was followed by a conversation between filmmaker Ema Ryan Yamazaki, , and Dr. Mariko Yang-Yoshihara. The film screening was sponsored by the , Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. The following is a description of the film:

First graders in a Tokyo public elementary school are presented with a challenge for the final semester: to form an orchestra and perform “Ode to Joy” at a school ceremony. The film examines the Japanese educational system’s tenuous balance between self-sacrifice and personal growth as it teaches the next generation to become part of society.

Instruments of a Beating Heart is The New York Times Op-Docs version of Yamazaki’s longer film, The Making of a Japanese. Instruments of a Beating Heart was produced by Eric Nyari of Cineric Creative and co-produced by NHK (Japan Public Broadcasting).

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As I watched the 23-minute film, I felt emotional connections to and familiarity with many of the scenes at the elementary school in Tokyo; image above courtesy Cineric Creative / The New York Times Op-Docs. This is primarily because I used to teach in Japan for three years from 1977 to 1980—including many classes with elementary school students—and also taught first grade for many years in the 1980s at a public school in California. One of my major responsibilities in teaching first grade was helping students who were identified as dyslexic. My pedagogical training was heavily focused on engaging the students in multisensory ways.

I never taught music but could relate to the ways in which the teachers at the elementary school in the film engaged their students through multisensory ways—including kinesthetic engagement. Ayame, the featured student in the film, exhibited a range of emotions in Instruments of a Beating Heart, and this reminded me of the occasional sadness and tears from some of my first-grade students as well as their happiness and laughter.

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After the film screening, Professor Tsutsui facilitated a very engaging and emotional discussion of the film with Director Yamazaki and Dr. Yang-Yoshihara, and also facilitated a Q&A session with the members of the audience. Based on the questions and comments from the audience, it seemed obvious to me that people in the audience—like me—also related emotionally and personally to the film. Everyone, of course, had attended first grade, and many people in the audience were Japanese. Photo above courtesy Kana Igarashi Limpanukorn, Japan Program.

Stemming from the captivating discussion during which many personal school experiences were shared, I thought to myself that this film would be one that I would highly recommend for secondary school and college student audiences and teacher education programs. If I were to share this film with one or more of these audiences and were limited to perhaps a class period, I would suggest using a three-part format.

First, I think that it is important to set the context for the film by informing the audience of a summary of the film. For example, the summary of the film (above) could be read. It is also important to point out that this is a 2022 film about one elementary school in Tokyo, the most populated city in Japan, and that there is a tremendous diversity of schools in Japan. For example, I recently visited a school on an island in Japan that has fewer than 100 students. I would also recommend engaging the audience in a discussion using questions such as: What do you remember about your first grade (or elementary school) experience? What lessons or skills do you value today that date back to your first grade (or elementary school) experience?

Second, because there are many important themes and concepts depicted in the film, I would structure the viewing of the film by assigning one of the following prompts to small groups in the audience to consider while viewing the film. Hopefully, this would not only help to underscore the importance of the themes and concepts but also help to make the processing of the film—especially for young students—less overwhelming.

Prompts:

• Share your thoughts on how teamwork, discipline, and personal growth are emphasized in teaching at the elementary school. How have you personally experienced teamwork, discipline, and personal growth in or outside of classrooms?
• Share your thoughts on the emotions shown and lessons learned by students (like Ayame) following the selection of specific students to play specific instruments in “Ode to Joy.”
• What struck you about some of the comments and questions that the teachers raised in the film? Sample comments and questions: (a) “Even if you don’t get the part, don’t take it too hard. It is very kind of you to be sad for each other. What I want you to gain from the performance is first the strength not to give up. You might run into obstacles. I want you to persevere. Second, discover the joy of being useful for the next first graders.” (b) “Can someone who isn’t a good listener be a leader?” (c) “Have a strong heart and do your best.” (d) “Will crying help you improve?” (e) “You don’t have to be perfect. Just do your best.” (f) “Who thought practice was tough? Who did their best? Who thought I was strict?”
• How did the director’s decision to focus on a school performance impact the overall story or message of the film? What insights did you gain from watching the students’ experiences? Reflect on your own personal experiences with school performances—whether in music, sports, theater, or other activities. What valuable lessons did you learn from those moments, and how did they shape your perspective on education?

After viewing the film, I would suggest allowing the small groups to meet for 10 minutes to discuss their responses to their prompts and select spokespeople to share a short two-minute summary of their discussion. Additional discussions can focus on techniques that the filmmaker uses to engage the audience. How does she use B-roll footage? What other B-roll footage would you have considered using and why? Also, Dr. Yang-Yoshihara, who is originally from Japan, shared that viewing Yamazaki’s documentary “was like taking a walk down memory lane. It also touched on themes that made me deeply reflect on the current state of the country, particularly its struggle to find a balance between its cultural commitment to collective identity and the expression of individualism.” What are your thoughts on this balance?

Third, I would suggest that the following could be assigned as homework. Ask students to choose one of the following two sets of statements from the film (below) and (a) write their reflections on the statements; (b) design a visual art piece that captures the spirit of the statements; (c) develop a musical score or lyrics based on the statements; (d) design a dance movement that captures the spirit of the statements; (e) develop a poem based on the statements; (f) develop a diary-type entry based on something in your life that is reflective of the statements; or (g) propose another creative activity to share with the instructor.

Statements:

1. “Those of you practicing a lot are getting better. Your hearts are becoming one. I can hear it. But those who are not practicing are ruining that togetherness. What a shame.”
2. “We’re each a piece of a heart. If everyone is together this is our [heart] shape. If one of us is unbalanced, then the shape is broken. It’s no longer a heart. What unforgiving instruments we are.”

Importantly, I would suggest that these assignments be used for assessment purposes.

For those who would like to share this film, the link below has been provided by The New York Times: : A look into the delicate balance between teamwork, discipline, and personal growth. Comments on the film can be sent to Director Ema Ryan Yamazaki at ema@cinericcreative.com.

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I first learned about Sayama City, located in Saitama Prefecture, through its Sayama-cha—one of the three most famous teas in Japan. A thoughtful gift from an owner of a manufacturing company in Sayama City introduced me to this delightful tea, which quickly became a regular part of my daily life. Sayama’s vibrant tea culture, enriched by its lush plantations and lively festivals, reflects the city’s deep pride in this heritage. Never did I imagine that, a few years later, I would be working with a high school in this remarkable city.

In the spring of 2024, 91�Թ� launched the Stanford e-Bunri course in partnership with Seibu Gakuen Bunri Junior and Senior High School (Seibu Bunri) in Sayama City. Under the leadership of the newly appointed principal, Dr. Pedro Marques, Seibu Bunri is dedicated to nurturing young Japanese leaders to be ready to thrive on the global stage. Principal Marques envisions the school as more than just a place for academic excellence; he sees it as a dynamic environment where students actively engage in their learning and tackle complex challenges. I was thrilled to contribute to this vision by bringing 91�Թ�’s educational philosophy to Seibu Bunri by underscoring the importance of diverse perspectives, critical thinking, and innovation. Principal Marques commented:

In today’s rapidly changing world, education must go beyond the classroom and traditional academic boundaries. It is essential to provide students with real-world experiences that connect them deeply to the communities they live in and serve, while fostering their understanding and bonding with international communities. Partnerships like the one we have established with 91�Թ�’s 91�Թ� program are critical to achieving this vision. They not only expose our students to global perspectives but also challenge them to apply their learning in meaningful ways that can make a difference locally and globally.

Modern education needs to equip students with the tools to navigate complexities and to build bridges between cultures, ideas, and communities. By integrating diverse topics such as diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship into our curriculum, we aim to nurture empathetic leaders who are grounded in their heritage yet inspired to innovate and collaborate on a global scale.

This partnership is not just a program; it is a cornerstone of our mission to redefine education at Seibu Bunri. Through such initiatives, we are building a resilient community of learners and leaders who are prepared to face the challenges of tomorrow with confidence and a strong sense of purpose.

In September, we successfully concluded our inaugural Stanford e-Bunri course. Building on discussions with the school staff to address critical challenges in shaping a more inclusive, equitable, and innovative future in Japan, Stanford e-Bunri focused on three key topics: diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship. Over the course of four months, 30 students participated in the virtual classrooms, completed reading and writing assignments, engaged in online discussions, and delivered group presentations on these topics.

Diversity

During our diversity-focused lessons, students were treated to lectures from Dr. Gary Mukai and Dr. Ignacio Ornelaz Rodriguez from 91�Թ�, focusing on diversity in the United States. Dr. Mukai explored the history of Japanese American experiences during World War II, while Dr. Ornelas shed light on the lives of Mexican workers through an overview of the Bracero Program. These topics, which represent significant yet often overlooked aspects of American history, provided students with valuable perspectives not typically covered in Japanese curricula.

The word “empathy” deepened my understanding of diversity. Both lecturers mentioned that empathy is really important in this diverse society; I felt that empathy will be the key point to building good relationships with people with different cultures and backgrounds.
—Rina Nishimori

In the last session of the diversity module, students considered the lessons learned about diversity in the United States and applied them to the issues in a Japanese context. They conducted research and delivered group presentations on various aspects of diversity, including race, gender, LGBTQ+ rights, socioeconomic status, disability, and age-related issues. These presentations offered valuable insights into the complex and multifaceted challenges surrounding diversity in Japanese society, encouraging students to recognize that diversity is not just a global concept but also deeply significant and relevant within Japan.

Women’s Rights

During the lessons on women’s rights, students learned from Dr. Mariko Yang-Yoshihara from 91�Թ�, who discussed the current state of STEAM education and her initiative to empower girls with STEAM education in Japan. Another lecture was given by Ms. Yukiko Kimura, former Founder and CEO at Genic Lab Inc. and Senior Product Manager at Amazon Web Services, who shared her personal journey as a female entrepreneur in Japan, including the challenges she faced and the resilience required to overcome them. Both sessions offered students a deeper understanding of the systemic and cultural barriers women encounter, while inspiring students to think critically about ways to foster equity.

Ms. Kimura’s quote made a lasting impression on me: “It is important to become the person you want to be, not the person others want you to be.” I will try to be who I want to be from now on, because limiting myself by other people’s expectations may change my life.—Seiji Yamakawa

In the final session of the women’s rights module, students researched gender-related issues and challenges in Japan and proposed solutions in group presentations. This exercise encouraged students to reflect on how they, too, could contribute to fostering greater gender equality in their own communities and beyond.

Entrepreneurship

The entrepreneurship module featured engaging and inspiring lectures from Mr. Kenji Niwa, Co-founder and CEO at Firstcard Inc., and Ms. Min Zhu, Co-founder and CTO at EnChannel Medical, both of whom shared their personal journeys and deep insights into the entrepreneurial mindset. Through their stories and expertise, the students gained a deeper understanding of the mindset needed to overcome challenges and failures, embrace innovation, and cultivate resilience—qualities that are essential not only for entrepreneurial success but also for thriving in any endeavor.

The lectures showcased inspiring stories of people who overcame obstacles to achieve their goals, highlighting the importance of resilience and continuous learning. I also realized that success is deeply personal, shaped by individual values rather than societal expectations. —Sora Ikeda

To conclude the entrepreneurship module and the entire course, students identified pressing social issues in Japan and proposed innovative solutions in a business pitch format. Their presentations received feedback from guest observer Mr. Christopher Chang, Strategic Advisor at Beenext Capital Management, providing students with valuable insights into real-world problem-solving. This interactive session not only encouraged creativity and critical thinking but also provided students with a glimpse into the practicalities of turning ideas into actionable solutions.

My experience working with Seibu Bunri and the students of the Stanford e-Bunri course has been both inspiring and rewarding. Through thought-provoking lectures, discussions, and hands-on projects, the students not only expanded their understanding of critical global topics but also delved deeply into examining key issues within their own society. This process challenged them to reflect on how they can actively contribute to creating positive changes.

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my collaborators at Seibu Bunri for their amazing support and partnership. They are Dr. Pedro Marques, Mr. Toshiyuki Shijima, Ms. Tamaki Komaeda, Mr. Hiroshi Inoo, Mr. Joshua Moon, Mr. Opaon Cleo, Mr. Toshikazu Ishizaka, and Ms. Kayo Imanaga. I would also like to thank our guest lecturers who generously dedicated their time and expertise to speak for the Stanford e-Bunri course. Their contributions played a crucial role in bringing the course content to life, offering students a unique perspective on the topics of diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship. Last but not least, I’d like to congratulate the dedicated students who participated in the course.

In closing, I have learned that Sayama-cha—compared to other tea plants—is characterized by its thick leaves. This is because the region’s cold climate sometimes causes frost in winter, making plants sometimes unable to survive without thick leaves. I am excited to see how the students will apply the insights and skills learned from Stanford e-Bunri to become resilient leaders who can thrive on the global stage despite inevitable “weather changes” in their lives.

Stanford e-Bunri is one of 91�Թ�’s local student programs in Japan.

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My grandparents, who were immigrants from Hiroshima, Japan, were migrant farm workers and sharecroppers in California from the early 20th century, and they lived in many towns in California. The only other state that they lived in was Arizona when they were incarcerated by the U.S. government from 1942 to the end of World War II in 1945 in what were once called “relocation centers” and now usually referred to in U.S. history textbooks as “internment camps” for people of Japanese descent primarily from the West Coast. My parents, who were born in California and thus U.S. citizens, were also incarcerated. Because Japanese immigrants and their descendants played such a vital role in agriculture in states like California, the incarceration of approximately 120,000 people of Japanese descent—along with the military draft—caused a severe labor shortage in agriculture. These were two of the key reasons for the establishment of the Bracero Program in 1942. 91�Թ� Consultant Dr. Ignacio Ornelas Rodriguez_, who teaches at Willow Glen High School, San Jose Unified School District, as well as at 91�Թ�, noted:

The Bracero Program was a series of laws that allowed the United States to recruit temporary guest workers (braceros, lit. “individuals who work with their arms”) from Mexico. As the United States entered World War II, its agriculture and railroad industries witnessed a shortage of laborers due to the U.S. military draft and the forced removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States. The United States and Mexico entered into legal agreements that would ultimately be known as the Bracero Program, which operated from 1942 to 1964. Braceros worked throughout the United States, but the largest concentration of braceros was employed in California. There were an estimated 4.5 million contracts signed by braceros over the 22-year period. Today a large proportion of the Mexican American population can trace its heritage to former braceros.

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As a child of farm laborers in the 1950s and 1960s, I worked side-by-side with braceros. My neighbors in San Jose were braceros. Braceros were either paid by the hour or compensated by the amount of crops that they harvested, known as piecework. The braceros’ punch cards usually had at least double the punches that mine had. As a child, I felt more Mexican than Japanese American. Thus, it was particularly meaningful for me to facilitate an event called “Legacies of the Bracero Program, 1942–1964,” during which nine former braceros were recognized by 91�Թ�, FSI, and the  (CLAS). The event took place at 91�Թ� on February 27, 2014; photo above courtesy Rod Searcey. The event was conceptualized by Ornelas and organized by Ornelas and 91�Թ� Event Coordinator Sabrina Ishimatsu. Featured speakers were former FSI Director Professor Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, former CLAS Director Professor Rodolfo Dirzo (the son of a bracero), and Ornelas. The year, 2014, marked the 50th anniversary since the end of the Bracero Program.

Ornelas has spent the last 14 years conducting research and memorializing braceros. In addition to the event described above, he has conducted numerous public history events with colleagues and was instrumental in the naming a 17-mile stretch of U.S. Highway 101 as the Bracero Memorial Highway and Monterey County’s recognition of braceros. The naming of the Bracero Memorial Highway—and more recently the installation of a cross—are memorials to a tragic accident in Chualar, Monterey County, that killed 32 braceros on September 17, 1963. On June 2, 2020, Ornelas spoke about the history of the Bracero Program and shared reflections on “Visualizing the Essential: Mexicans in the U.S. Agricultural Workforce” in a webinar attended by educators nationwide. Since December 31, 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of the end of the Bracero Program, I highly recommend the use of the recorded webinar in high school classrooms and colleges in the United States and Mexico. The webinar recording, along with a classroom-friendly discussion guide, can be accessed here. The webinar was co-sponsored with CLAS and facilitated by 91�Թ� Instructional Designer Jonas Edman. Also, a talk by Ornelas in Monterey County last year inspired the development of a mural that was commissioned by Monterey County and will be featured in Chualar.

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My mother, who worked with braceros since shortly after her release from the incarceration camp in Arizona in 1945 until 1964, died this year. While clearing out her home, I decided to keep the comal—a flat griddle—that the braceros who lived next to me used to make tortillas. The braceros gave the comal to my mother before their return to Mexico, and my mother had saved it because she recalled—as I do, as well—the many times that the braceros made tortillas for me. More importantly, she had the highest respect for their work ethic. I used to walk regularly to the bracero home to enjoy tortillas; photo above circa 1957. As a 10-year-old in 1964, I remember the sadness that I felt when I said “adios” to my bracero co-workers and neighbors.

I think it’s important to recognize the critical contributions of the braceros not only to the U.S. economy—especially during World War II—but also to their continued contributions to the richness of U.S. history and society broadly through their descendants like Dr. Ignacio Ornelas Rodriguez.

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Nestled along the coast of Kumamoto Prefecture in southern Japan, the city of Minamata is a remarkable place in many ways. This September, I had the privilege of visiting for the first time to celebrate the launch of the Stanford e-Minamata Program, which is made possible by the support of the Minamata Municipal Government. As my trip came to an end, one word echoed in my mind: resilience.

A brief search into Minamata’s history reveals a poignant chapter from the 1950s and 60s, when the city became synonymous with Minamata disease—a devastating neurological condition caused by mercury poisoning due to industrial wastewater pollution from a group called Chisso Corporation. Visiting the Minamata Disease Municipal Museum with Mr. Hiroki Hara, Director General of the General Affairs Planning Department at Minamata City Hall, and Mr. Minoru Koga, Director General of the Minamata Environmental Academia, I gained a deeper understanding of the community’s struggles. What struck me most, however, was how Minamata has reclaimed this painful history, transforming it into a source of strength and a commitment to protecting human and environmental well-being.

Today, Minamata is a leader in sustainability, recognized by the Japanese government as an “SDGs Future City” in 2020. The launch of the Stanford e-Minamata Program, a new 91�Թ� initiative in collaboration with Minamata High School, marks a pivotal step forward in the city’s ongoing revitalization efforts. Rooted in Minamata’s values of sustainability and local innovation, the program focuses on three key themes: the environment, emerging technologies, and U.S.–Japan relations. These themes aim to equip the next generation of leaders with the tools they need to address critical global challenges. 

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A student from Minamata High School providing opening remarks; photo courtesy Minamata High School. 

At the opening ceremony, Minamata City Mayor Toshiharu Takaoka shared words of inspiration with the students:

This is a very remarkable collaboration between Minamata City, located in the small island nation of Japan, and 91�Թ�, located in the state of California in the United States. We hope this course will share the international outlook and the atmosphere of a top American university with high school students, and contribute to the development of the next generation of Minamata City’s human resources.

For me, launching this program in Minamata is particularly meaningful. As the child of parents from rural Louisiana and the second person in my family to travel outside the United States, I often sought opportunities to experience the world as a young person, but didn’t know where to start. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when I received a scholarship to live with a host family in Hiroshima for six weeks. Speaking no Japanese and having never flown alone, I truly embraced the unknown. That experience profoundly shaped my life, leading me to minor in Japanese during my university years, study abroad at Kansai Gaidai University, and later complete a Fulbright research grant in Okayama Prefecture focused on rural revitalization.

Working with the students of Minamata High School now feels like coming full circle. Their curiosity and determination to learn about the world remind me of my own journey. Providing rural students with opportunities to engage with global challenges is more critical than ever, and I am inspired by their potential to lead.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mayor Takaoka, Mr. Hiroki Hara, Dr. Minoru Koga, Secretary General Kayo Fuchigami, Principal Yasunori Takaki, Vice Principal Fumiko Niibu, Planning Manager Saho Yagyu, and many others whose tireless efforts brought the Stanford e-Minamata Program to life. It is an incredible honor to support this initiative, and I look forward to seeing how it will continue to inspire and empower the next generation of Minamata leaders.

Stanford e-Minamata is one of 91�Թ�’s local student programs in Japan.

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FC Imabari is a soccer team in Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture. “FC” stands for “football club.” Takeshi Okada—a former soccer player and the former head coach of the Japan National Team who led the Japan men’s national soccer team to its first-ever World Cup appearance in 1998—is the owner of FC Imabari and Masafumi Yano is the Chief Operating Officer. During my first visit to Imabari City in March 2024, I was invited to watch an FC Imabari game and met with Okada, Yano, and others affiliated with FC Imabari. During the game and while strolling around Imabari City, I could sense the excitement that the team has brought to the city. FC Imabari High School, a private school in Imabari, was conceptualized by Okada and enrolled its inaugural classes this year. In a May 13, 2023 article, “Ehime: Ex Japan Soccer Coach Okada Tackles New Challenge in Field of Education,” in The Yomiuri Shimbun, he stated, “I want to foster autonomy and independence that survive an era that humanity has never experienced.” (Photo of Takeshi Okada below; courtesy FC Imabari.)

With Okada’s educational priorities in mind, FC Imabari Advisor Yukari Hara took the initiative to discuss the possible development of Stanford e-FC Imabari to support the mission of FC Imabari High School. Stanford e-FC Imabari was launched in fall 2024 to help encourage students at FC Imabari High School and from three public schools in Imabari City to not only consider the importance of autonomy and independence but also their roles in the local community and the world at large. Stanford e-FC Imabari focuses on the three key themes of (1) diversity, equity, & inclusion (DEI); (2) entrepreneurship; and (3) community building. During conversations with FC Imabari High School teachers Nozomi Echigo (social studies) and Yoshikazu Nakashima (English), I came to highly value the importance that the FC Imabari teachers place upon engaging students through their multiple intelligences, including kinesthetic, artistic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences as well as linguistic and quantitative intelligences. I have had the privilege of visiting many schools in Japan, and FC Imabari High School is the only high school that I have visited that was inspired by how lessons—like teamwork, collegiality, and cooperation—in team sports such as soccer are critical to the education of youth.

Stanford e-FC Imabari is taught by 91�Թ� instructor Alison Keiko Harsch, who used to be an Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) on the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Program in Kagawa Prefecture, a neighboring prefecture to Ehime Prefecture on Shikoku, one of the four main islands of Japan. Harsch will be returning to Shikoku later this year to make her first visit to FC Imabari High School. She reflected,

My years as an ALT on Shikoku significantly shifted the course of my life. It was in Shikoku that I fell in love with teaching, and in particular became passionate about engaging students in rural areas of Japan. The opportunity to work with students through Stanford e-FC Imabari has been hugely rewarding as it brings my work full circle back to my second home, Shikoku. It is an honor to contribute to the mission of FC Imabari High School.

During a recent visit to Imabari City on October 7 and 8, 2024, I had the opportunity to meet Stanford e-FC Imabari students not only at FC Imabari High School (Principal Shota Tsuji) but also at the three public high schools that have students who are participating in Stanford e-FC Imabari. These public high schools include Imabari West High School (Principal Teruo Koike), Imabari West High School, Hakata Branch (Branch Principal Hiroki Yano), and Imabari East High School (Principal Hiroyasu Watanabe). 91�Թ� and FC Imabari High School are grateful to Ehime Prefecture’s Board of Education for its support of the engagement of these three public schools. Through my four meetings with students, I could see the bonds that have already developed between the four schools.

Principal Tsuji noted that “Through Stanford e-FC Imabari, we hope to not only provide unique learning opportunities for FC Imabari High School but also to build synergy between our school and local public schools. As the FC Imabari soccer team has strengthened our sense of community in Imabari, I would like to see greater community building between FC Imabari High School and local public schools.” Also, Hinako Tamai, English teacher at Imabari West High School, Hakata Branch, commented, “Being on a remote island, Hakata Island, in the Inland Sea, I feel fortunate that our students have this opportunity to work with 91�Թ�. Hakata Island now not only has physical bridges with Shikoku but also intellectual bridges with 91�Թ� and other schools in Imabari City.”

91�Թ� looks forward to continuing its work with Stanford e-FC Imabari to help cultivate students’ autonomy and independence—Mr. Okada’s goal—and underscore the importance of their roles in the local community and the world at large.

Importantly, 91�Թ� would like thank Yoshihisa Ozasa, the founder and Chairman of Link & Motivation, Inc., for generously providing the necessary funding to make Stanford e-FC Imabari possible. 

Stanford e-FC Imabari is one of 91�Թ�’s local student programs in Japan.

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In 2015, 91�Թ� launched Stanford e-Japan, a national online course that enrolls high school students from Japan to engage in an intensive study of U.S. society and culture and U.S.–Japan relations. In 2016, 91�Թ� launched Stanford e-Tottori, 91�Թ�’s first regional program in Japan that enrolls high school students from across Tottori Prefecture. As of this fall, 91�Թ� now enrolls approximately 230 students from nine regional programs in Japan. Six programs are prefectural programs (Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Oita, Tottori, Wakayama, Yamaguchi), and three are municipal programs (Kagoshima, Kawasaki, and Kobe). 91�Թ�’s newest course, Stanford e-Yamaguchi, was just launched last month.

In August 2024 91�Թ� held four award ceremonies for honorees of the 2023–2024 regional programs in Japan. Two honorees from each program were recognized.

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The first ceremony was held virtually on August 6, 2024 for Stanford e-Hiroshima’s top students. Inspirational opening comments were delivered by Consul Mayu Hagiwara, Director of the Japan Information and Culture Center, Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Hagiwara’s comments were followed by remarks by course instructor Mia Kimura and the honorees’ presentations. (Student honorees with their instructor Mia Kimura and Consul Hagiwara and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Hiroshima (Instructor Mia Kimura)

Student Honoree: Aika Ono
School: Kindai University Fukuyama High School
Project Title: Navigating the Barrier: Immigrant Children in Japan

Student Honoree: Wakana Tsukuda
School: Fukuyama Akenohoshi High School
Project Title: How to Move Upstream: What Japan Can Learn from the U.S. 91�Թ� Mental Health

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In the second ceremony, four top students from Fukuoka and Oita were honored on August 12, 2024 at 91�Թ�. Following opening comments, instructor Kasumi Yamashita introduced her honorees. (Student honorees from Fukuoka and Oita with their instructor Kasumi Yamashita and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Fukuoka (Instructor Kasumi Yamashita)

Student Honoree: Niko Ito
School: Hakata Seisho High School
Project Title: Sustainable Fashion: Thrifty Ideas from 1000 Years Ago

Student Honoree: Nanako Shimura
School: Yame High School
Project Title: Sharing War Stories: What My Grandmother Taught Me 91�Թ� Peace

Stanford e-Oita (Instructor Kasumi Yamashita)

Student Honoree: Chiko Kawashima
School: Oita Hofu High School
Project Title: Language Access During Natural Disasters: How Can We Help Foreigners?

Student Honoree: Rintaro Tokumoto
School: Takada High School
Project Title: Let’s Change How We See Our Food, One Vegetable at a Time!

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During the third ceremony, six top students from Kawasaki, Kobe, and Wakayama were honored on August 21, 2024 at 91�Թ�. The ceremony began with insightful opening comments by Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Sugahara’s opening comments were followed by remarks by the instructors of the courses and student presentations. (Student honorees with their instructors Dr. Makiko Hirata, Maiko Tamagawa Bacha, and Alison Harsch, and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Kawasaki (Instructor Maiko Tamagawa Bacha)

Student Honoree: Rio Enomoto
School: Tachibana High School
Project Title: Is K-Pop Necessary in America?

Student Honoree: Kaede Suyama
School: Kawasaki High School
Project Title: What Do You Think 91�Թ� the Homeless Program?

Stanford e-Kobe (Instructor Alison Harsch)

Student Honoree: Moeka Urata
School: Kobe Municipal Fukiai High School
Project Title: Problems of the School Counselor System in Japan

Student Honoree: Mayuko Hara
School: Kobe Municipal Fukiai High School
Project Title: Problems that Voters with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities Face in Japan and the U.S.

Stanford e-Wakayama (Instructor Makiko Hirata)

Student Honoree: Sumire Inaba
School: Touin High School
Project Title: Solutions to Global Hunger

Student Honoree: Niina Ohashi
School: Touin High School
Project Title: Self-Management Skills

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During the fourth ceremony, four top students from Kagoshima City and Tottori were honored on the Stanford campus on August 23, 2024. The ceremony began with stimulating opening comments by Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Sugahara’s comments were followed by remarks by the instructors of the courses and student presentations. (Student honorees with their instructors Jonas Edman and Amy Cheng and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Kagoshima City (Instructor Amy Cheng)

Student Honoree: Keima Kawagoe
School: Kagoshima Gyokuryu High School
Project Title: Revitalizing Kagoshima with the Power of Bamboo

Student Honoree: Kenshiro Matsunaga
School: Kagoshima Gyokuryu High School
Project Title: “Omotenashi” Has a Dark Side

Stanford e-Tottori (Instructor Jonas Edman)

Student Honoree: Funa Bannai
School: Yonago Higashi High School
Project Title: Same-Sex Marriage: Reducing Inequality Within and Among Countries

Student Honoree: Soichiro Takagi
School: Tottori Nishi High School
Project Title: Thinking 91�Թ� the Importance of Reading in Education

Following each of the three in-person ceremonies, the students enjoyed a luncheon, a campus tour, and a dinner. Many students commented that one of the highlights of their visit to Stanford was having the chance to meet high school students from other regions of Japan. Many guests commented on how impressed they were with the student presentations and the poise that the students exhibited in particular during the question-and-answer periods.

Importantly, 91�Թ� is grateful to the Board of Education representatives who accompanied the students to Stanford. They are Hiroshi Suzuki (Fukuoka Prefecture); Takayuki Nishinakamura and Chiemi Hamada (Kagoshima City); Kei Sakamoto and Miho Anraku (Kobe City); Hironori Sano and Toshiyuki Yamamoto (Oita Prefecture); Tomoya Minohara (Tottori Prefecture); and Rika Katsumoto (Wakayama Prefecture). Also, 91�Թ� wishes to thank Sabrina Ishimatsu, 91�Թ� Event Coordinator, for planning all four ceremonies.

91�Թ� also offers online courses to U.S. high school students on Japan (Reischauer Scholars Program), China (China Scholars Program), and Korea (Sejong Korea Scholars Program), and online courses to Chinese high school students on the United States (Stanford e-China) and to Japanese high school students on the United States and U.S.–Japan relations (Stanford e-Japan) and on entrepreneurship (Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan).

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We teach Americans about China. Or Japanese about the United States. Or Chinese about Silicon Valley. Our student cohorts are often very diverse, but usually share a similar national perspective. What if we mixed that up? What if we put students from different countries in the same program and asked them to learn together—and from each other? What if we then put them to work on a common problem, sharing common goals?

[Image above: Part of one group’s final project, “Buzzing Biodiversity: The Vital Role of Pollinators in Enhancing Ecosystems,” aimed at local Beijing, Suzhou, and Irvine, CA, communities. Poster designed by Jimmy Qiyuan Zhang (Suzhou). Other group members: Annie Meitong Song (Irvine) and Xinyi Nancy Zhao (Beijing).]

This past spring, Carey Moncaster and I decided to try it. We created a joint program, the U.S.–China Co-Lab on Climate Solutions, combining the Stanford e-China Program for high school students in China, which Moncaster runs, with my China Scholars Program for high school students in the United States. Sixteen students in each country spent 14 weeks online together, exploring collaborative solutions to the climate crisis.

The U.S.–China Co-Lab (as in both “collaboration” and a hands-on “lab” done together) has two goals:

• To learn about current and potential solutions to climate change and its impacts, through a transnational lens; and
• To learn about and practice the cross-cultural collaboration skills necessary to achieve those solutions.

Climate issues were an obvious choice for the theme of the course. Not only is it the most urgent issue facing all of humanity, it is also one that avoids some of the stickier political issues between the United States and China. Chinese and American students could easily find common ground and common inspiration.

We chose to emphasize climate solutions—as opposed to problems—as a counter to discouraging narratives of crisis that surround this young generation, to instead emphasize the tools we have to correct course and heal.

“Solutions” also provided the structure for the course. Each module of the course was centered on a different area of climate solutions: Global Governance and Climate Diplomacy; Biodiversity; Green Finance; Clean Energy; Food and Agriculture. We were honored to draw on the expertise of Stanford faculty, as well as leaders from institutions like the Wilson Center and the Paulson Institute.*

In addition, we spent one week reading about cross-cultural skills. Stanford’s Scott Rozelle spoke with the students about his decades of practical experience running the Rural Education Action Program (REAP), a highly collaborative research and policy project involving transnational researchers, Chinese villagers and educators, and government officials. One student emphasized that it was Rozelle’s example in particular that “allowed me to see the ways professionals have worked together and made important findings.”

U.S.–China Co-Lab students had to work together for every assignment. The most straightforward were the in-class discussions on Zoom and the weekly, written discussion boards—which nonetheless required teaching and interpretation, with each student explaining a reading that other students had not done.

We used a design thinking approach for another assignment, the “Collaborative Prototype Challenge” developed by our 91�Թ� colleague Mariko Yang-Yoshihara, in which each student was paired with a classmate from the other country. Through interviews, the students identified a key environmental need in their partner’s local community and brainstormed a creative prototype solution, using only materials at hand to represent it. Feedback and revision amplified this exercise in cross-cultural empathy, and the results were thoughtful, technical, artistic, and even goofy—ranging from Chinese paper lanterns made from repurposed packaging waste to a wearable air-conditioning suit to electricity generated by hamster wheels.

For our final project, the “Bilateral Media Campaign,” we stepped up the teamwork and the cross-cultural empathy. In groups of four (2 U.S., 2 China members), students created a media campaign targeting a specific climate solution, tailoring two versions for parallel audiences: one in China and one in the United States. Together, each group needed to agree on a message to inspire specific public action and two specific audiences for that message—which involved both academic and local, community-based research. With the resulting data, they had to choose medium, means, and strategy, and finally, create the materials themselves.

One group tackled invasive species and challenged teens in Arizona and Beijing to weed them out of their local ecosystems, with informative slides on buffelgrass and ragweed, respectively. A second group imagined schoolwide carbon footprint competitions between group members’ high schools in California and Shanghai. Another group sought to encourage families to adopt solar energy—for their own homes in North Carolina, or by using solar-charging personal devices in Beijing, where single-family homes are rare.

Students found the logistical coordination necessary to complete this multi-step project quite challenging and sometimes frustrating. But we considered that a realistic aspect of all collaborative problem-solving—all the more so when dealing with national boundaries, the international date line, and internet firewalls!

Feedback from the class suggests that the project was worthwhile. “I learned about the nuances and similarities between both audiences, which helped me appreciate the common ground we shared despite our diverse backgrounds,” commented one student. “The synergy that emerged from our collaboration was remarkable.”

Overall, Moncaster and I took extra care to represent a wide range of perspectives in the speakers and readings and other course materials, representing diversity in profession, academic discipline, strategy, personal background, etc. Several students commented on how their future plans had changed as a result: students who joined the program interested in policy now wanted to study climate tech as well; STEM-oriented students now understood the need for culturally informed messaging; a humanities student now felt confident in exploring environmental sciences as well.

Most importantly, friends were made, and almost all of the students plan to stay in touch with one another. Anfeng Wilson Xie, of Shanghai, China, was thankful for the opportunity to meet so many “passionate youths in the environmental field, as I have truly learned a lot from my peers.”

Feedback from the students on our first iteration of the U.S.–China Co-Lab has been overwhelmingly positive. “Its transformative journey surpassed my prior expectations,” Raiden Smith, of Tucson, Arizona, told us. He added that it “strengthened my interest in climate studies and broadened my perspective on the importance of cross-cultural communication as I’ve become more hopeful for our collaborative future.”

For our part, Moncaster and I were heartened and inspired by the intelligent, open-minded, and imaginative young people we got to know in the program and look forward to watching them forge their own future. Who knows what new solutions for our planet they may dream up together?

*We would like to offer our thanks and appreciation to all of our guest speakers for the Spring 2024 U.S.–China Co-Lab on Climate Solutions:

, Senior Scholar, Shorenstein APARC Fellow, Affiliated Scholar at the Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI), 91�Թ�

, Director, Institute for Energy Studies, Western Washington University

, Chief Conservation Officer, Paulson Institute

, Faculty Co-director of the Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Helen F. Farnsworth Endowed Professorship, Senior Fellow at FSI, Senior Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research

, Associate Director for Research, Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, FSI, 91�Թ�

, Director, China Environment Forum, Wilson Center

For more information about the U.S.–China Co-Lab on Climate Solutions, please visit /fellowship/uschinacolab. The application for the spring 2025 session is open now.

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Stanford e-Japan enrolls exceptional high school students from Japan to engage in an intensive study of U.S. society and culture. The Reischauer Scholars Program (RSP) enrolls exceptional high school students from the United States to engage in an intensive study of Japanese society and culture. Both courses underscore the importance of U.S.–Japan relations.  is the current supporter of Stanford e-Japan, and the Japan Fund at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) is the current supporter of the RSP.

On August 5, 2024, an award ceremony was held at 91�Թ� to honor 91�Թ�’s Spring and Fall 2023 Stanford e-Japan student honorees and the 2024 RSP student honorees. The honorees performed at the highest levels of their courses as determined by Stanford e-Japan Instructors Waka Takahashi Brown (spring course) and Meiko Kotani (fall course), RSP Instructor Naomi Funahashi, and the research paper review committees. The honorees are:

Spring 2023 Stanford e-Japan 
Asumi Kato, Matsumoto Fukashi High School; home prefecture: Nagano
Luna Kihara, Osaka Jogakuin High School; home prefecture: Osaka
Satoshi Yamamura, Tokyo Metropolitan Fuji High School; home prefecture: Tokyo

Honorable Mentions:
Takuma Kawaguchi, Tokyo Gakugei University International Secondary School; home prefecture: Tokyo
Kanako Miyazaki, Saikyo Municipal High School; home prefecture: Kyoto

Fall 2023 Stanford e-Japan 
Hisataka Kadota, Okayama Prefectural Okayama Asahi Senior High School; home prefecture: Okayama
Shoma Nishida, Canadian Academy Kobe; home prefecture: Hyogo
Rei Ozawa, Keio Girls Senior High School; home prefecture: Tokyo

Honorable Mentions:
Mayu Anzai, Seiun High School; home prefecture: Hyogo
Rihito Kotani, Tokyo Gakugei University International Secondary School; home prefecture: Tokyo

2024 Reischauer Scholars Program
Sophie Ankeles, Polytechnic School; California
Annamika Konkola, West Linn High School; Oregon
Vivian Luo, Mt. Lebanon High School; Pennsylvania

Honorable Mentions:
Maya Swaminathan, Lynbrook High School; California
Catherine Fisher, The Nueva School; California

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The program began with welcoming comments from the Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco. He commented that the Reischauer Scholars Program and Stanford e-Japan are very important for our two nations and noted that the education of youth has been one of his highest priorities since he assumed his post at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. He extended high praise to the honorees.

Also in attendance from the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco were Mayu Hagiwara, Director and Consul, Japan Information and Culture Center; Asumi Chikae, Consul for Education, Science, and Technology; and Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs.

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Following the welcoming and opening comments, Brown, Kotani, and Funahashi gave overviews of their courses. The student honorees made engaging presentations based on their research papers and were very poised while fielding questions from the audience. Each honoree received a plaque from their instructor. (Photo above: student honorees and their instructors taken at Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center; Consul General Osumi, seventh from the right.)

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Among the audience members were Stanford student Anna Matsumoto (photo above), a Yanai Tadashi Scholar from Tokushima Prefecture, and Keio Girls High School English Teacher and Global Partnership Coordinator Leon Mueller. Mueller commented,

It was such an honor to see the amazing presentations by this elite group of high school students. The Stanford e-Japan program provided them the opportunity to apply their drive and intellect in a highly academic environment, resulting in a stronger understanding of the U.S.–Japan partnership. It was also encouraging to see the many friendships being forged among the Japanese and American students and the desire to take what they had learned and share it with their peers back in their communities. I think this type of ripple effect is what makes the program so inspiring and unique.

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Also in the audience were 91�Թ� supporters, Adrian and Monica Yeung Arima. 91�Թ� is grateful to them all for their unwavering support of 91�Թ�. (Photo above: Mueller standing next to Kotani.)

The RSP is about to enter its 22nd year and Stanford e-Japan is currently in its 10th year. Many of the alumni are engaged in various fields related to U.S.–Japan relations and continue to give back to both programs by being guest speakers or mentors to the current students.

Following the formal event, the student honorees—most having just met each other in person for the first time—had the chance to enjoy lunch and a Stanford campus tour together. It is the hope of Brown, Kotani, and Funahashi that the Japanese and American student honorees will continue to strengthen their budding friendships and ensure that the U.S.–Japan relationship remains strong.

91�Թ� is grateful to President Tadashi Yanai for his generous support of Stanford e-Japan and to Chikano Shiroma of the Yanai Tadashi Foundation for her regular correspondence and encouragement. 91�Թ� is also thankful to the Japan Fund committee at FSI for its generous support of the Reischauer Scholars Program. These courses and the ceremony would not be possible without them.

The Reischauer Scholars Program is currently accepting applications until October 18, 2024. Stanford e-Japan’s spring 2025 application period will be from November 15 to December 31, 2024.

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